| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | A method of viewing or performing surgery on a joint (shoulder, knee, ankle, elbow, or wrist) by use of an arthroscope, which consists of a tube, lens, and a light source designed from fiber optics. |
| Alternative Names | |
| How the test is performed | Typically, this procedure is performed on the knee joint. A local or regional anesthetic is administered. Occasionally, for more extensive surgery, general anesthesia is used. The area is cleaned with antiseptic soap. A pressure band may be applied to restrict blood flow (tourniquet). An incision is made into the joint and sterile fluid is introduced into the joint space to provide a better view. The arthroscope is then inserted, and the inside of the joint is viewed by displaying the image on a television screen. One or two small additional incisions by the knee may be needed, in order to use other instruments. These instruments can be used to remove bits of cartilage or bone, take a tissue biopsy , or perform other minor surgery. In addition, ligament reconstruction can be performed mostly using the arthroscope in many cases. The procedure is similar for the shoulder except for the band used to restrict blood flow. The average length of time for a diagnostic or simple arthroscopy is about 1 hour. |
| How to prepare for the test | You must sign an informed consent form. Fast overnight before the test (to minimize effects of the anesthetic). You will be instructed if you need to shave your joint area. You may be given a sedative before leaving for the hospital. You will be given a hospital gown at the time of surgery so the body part for surgery is accessible. Make arrangements for transportation from the hospital and for work, child care, and other commitments. Infants and children: The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age: infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year) toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years) preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years) schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years) adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years) |
| How the test will feel | The injection may sting, but once the anesthetic has taken effect, there is no pain. The joint may be manipulated to provide a better view, so there may be some tugging on the leg (or arm, if done on the shoulder). After the test, the joint will probably be stiff and sore for a few days. Slight activity (walking) can be resumed immediately, however excessive use of the joint may cause swelling , pain, and increase the chance of injury. Depending on the diagnosis, there may be other exercises or restrictions. |
| Why the test is performed | This test is performed when there is: suspected ligament tear damaged meniscus cartilage evidence of bone fragmentsjoint pain from an injury unexplainable joint pain lesions or other problems detected by X-rays joint disease a need for joint surgery An arthroscopy can help monitor the progression of a disease or determine if a treatment is working. |
| Normal Values | An arthroscopy is not performed unless there is a problem, so there are rarely normal results. However, occasionally a diagnostic arthroscopy is performed, and no problem with the cartilage or ligaments is found. |
| What abnormal results mean | torn ligaments hemorrhage damaged meniscus cartilage bone fragments lesions dislocationbroken boneRotator cuff tendonitis |
| What the risks are | swelling increased pain localized inflammation infection ( fever ) There is a slight risk that the arthroscope may: perforate tissue tear a ligament or muscle cause excessive bleeding (especially if a biopsy is performed) |
| Special considerations | The diagnostic accuracy of an arthroscopy is about 98%, however, X-rays are typically taken first because they are a noninvasive . Ice is commonly recommended after the arthroscopy to help relieve swelling and pain. The incision made for inserting the arthroscope is very small, and stitches may not be required. If a bandage is applied, there may be instructions given for changing the dressing. Normal activity should not be resumed for several days or longer. Special preparations may need to be made concerning work and other responsibilities. Physical therapy may also be recommended. |
| | |