| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | Removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination or testing. Healthy tissue can be obtained for the purpose of tissue-type matching for transplants. Unhealthy tissues are more commonly biopsied to diagnose disease. The method of tissue removal varies among the type of biopsies. Please see the following tests or procedures for more information on how the test is performed, how it feels, the risks, why the test is performed, and normal and abnormal results:bronchoscopy with transtracheal biopsycarpal tunnel biopsybladder biopsylung needle biopsyopen lung biopsyopen pleural biopsyskin lesion biopsyabdominal wall fat pad biopsyparathyroid biopsygum biopsynasal mucosal biopsytongue biopsyoropharynx lesion biopsymediastinoscopy with biopsylymph node biopsybiopsy of the biliary tractsmall bowel biopsyliver biopsyadrenal biopsysalivary gland biopsysynovial biopsypleural needle biopsyskinny-needle biopsythyroid excisional biopsymuscle biopsybone marrow biopsynerve biopsyrenal biopsytesticular biopsybone lesion biopsy prostate biopsy upper airway biopsyureteral retrograde brush biopsy cytologyrectal biopsymyocardial biopsycervical biopsycolposcopy-directed biopsybreast biopsyendometrial biopsycold cone biopsybiopsy - polypschorionic villus biopsy |
| Alternative Names | Tissue sampling |
| How the test is performed | In general, biopsies are performed either with a needle (percutaneous biopsy), or during a surgical procedure (open biopsy). In a percutaneous biopsy, a needle is passed into the tissue to be biopsied, and cells are removed through the needle. Depending on the location of the tissue to be biopsied, needle biopsies are often performed under X-ray (usually CT scan) guidance. If more tissue is required than can be obtained in a needle biopsy, open biopsy is required. This is often the case for soft tissue masses that are suspected of being cancer. In these cases, an incision in the skin is made, and a small piece of the tissue to be biopsied is removed. If the tissue to be biopsied is in the abdomen, and cannot be safely accessed with a needle, the abdomen must be opened in the operating room and the tissue biopsied. |
| How to prepare for the test | Check with your physician about stopping medications that can predispose to bleeding, such as aspirin, coumadin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, such as Motrin. Never change your medication regimen without first checking with your physician. |
| How the test will feel | In a needle biopsy, you will feel a small sharp pinch at the site of the biopsy. In an open biopsy, local or general anesthetic generally can make the procedure pain free. |
| Why the test is performed | To obtain tissue for diagnosis of cancer, or other organ diseases (such as liver or kidney disease. |
| Normal Values | Normal tissue. |
| What abnormal results mean | Depending on the diagnosis abnormal biopsies can be seen with cancer or other organ or tissue diseases, such as liver or kidney disease. |
| What the risks are | Bleeding Infection |
| Special considerations | |
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