| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | A test that measures the presence of antinuclear antibody in the blood. |
| Alternative Names | ANA; ANA panel |
| How the test is performed | Adult or child: Blood is drawn from a vein ( venipuncture ), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and a tourniquet (an elastic band) or blood pressure cuff is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the tourniquet to distend (fill with blood). A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the tourniquet is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding . Infant or young child: The area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. Cotton or a bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any continued bleeding. |
| How to prepare for the test | Infants and children: The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experiences, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age: infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year) toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years) preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years) schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years) adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years) |
| How the test will feel | When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing. |
| Why the test is performed | This test is used when autoimmune disease is suspected (particularly systemic lupus erythematosus ). This test can also be performed when a patient has unexplained symptoms such as arthritis , rashes , or chest pain . |
| Normal Values | No presence of ANA in the blood (negative test) is normal. |
| What abnormal results mean | Antinuclear antibodies are antibodies produced by the immune system that attack the body's own tissues instead of foreign toxins . They are frequently present in people with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) and, less commonly, in other diseases. The presence of ANA in the blood may indicate: SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) drug-induced lupus erythematosuscollagen vascular diseasechronicliver diseaser rheumatoid arthritis ANA may also be present occasionally in people with:systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) thyroid disease |
| What the risks are | excessive bleedingfainting or feeling light-headed hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken) multiple punctures to locate veins |
| Special considerations | The ANA can be positive in relatives of those with SLE who do not have SLE themselves. Also, many drugs affect the accuracy of this test. Examples are: birth control pills, Procainamide, and thiazide diuretics. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. |
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