| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | A test that measures the amount of HCG in serum. |
| Alternative Names | Serial beta HCG; Repeat quantitative beta HCG; Quantitative serum beta-HCG; Human chorionic gonadotrophin - quantitative serum; Beta-HCG - quantitative serum |
| How the test is performed | Blood is drawn from a vein ( venipuncture ), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and a tourniquet (an elastic band) or blood pressure cuff is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the tourniquet to distend (fill with blood). A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the tourniquet is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding . |
| How to prepare for the test | No special preparation is necessary. |
| How the test will feel | When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing. |
| Why the test is performed | Quantitative HCG measurements can allow precise prediction of the age of the fetus. It is also used when an abnormal condition that can elevate HCG level is suspected. A pregnancy test is usually based on detection of HCG, which is secreted by the trophoblast after the ovum is fertilized. HCG appears in the blood and urine of pregnant women as early as 10 days after conception. It serves to maintain progesterone production by the corpus luteum in the early part of pregnancy. By the time HCG drops at the beginning of the second trimester, the placenta can make sufficient progesterone to maintain the endometrium. However, HCG may also be elevated in abnormal circumstances in men as well as women. |
| Normal Values | Beta-HCG levels vary with gestational age during pregnancy . |
| What abnormal results mean | Greater-than-normal levels may indicate: choriocarcinoma of the uterus hydatidiform mole of the uterus normal pregnancyovarian cancertesticular cancer Lower-than-normal levels may indicate: dead fetus incomplete miscarriagethreatened spontaneous abortionectopic pregnancy |
| What the risks are | excessive bleedingfainting or feeling lightheaded hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken) multiple punctures to locate veins |
| Special considerations | Drugs that can decrease HCG measurements include diuretics and promethazine. Drugs that can increase HCG measurements include anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian drugs, phenothiazine, and promethazine. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. |
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