| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | This test examines the blood flow in the major arteries and veins in the arms and legs with the use of ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves that echo off the body. Doppler ultrasonography uses audio means to hear the "swishing" noise of the blood flow. |
| Alternative Names | Doppler ultrasonography |
| How the test is performed | The test is done in the ultrasound or radiology department or in a peripheral vascular lab. To examine the veins: A water-soluble gel is placed on the transducer (a hand-held device that directs the high-frequency sound waves to the artery or vein being tested) and the skin over the veins of the extremity being tested. There is a "swishing" sound on the Doppler if the venous system is normal. Both the superficial and deep venous systems are evaluated. To examine the arteries: Blood pressure cuffs will be put around the thigh, calf, and ankle to examine the legs. In the arms, the blood pressure cuffs are placed at different points along the arm. A conductive paste is applied to the skin over the arteries being examined. The cuff will be inflated above the normal systolic blood pressure for the extremity. The transducer is placed near the cuff, and the pressure in the cuff is released slowly. When the "swishing" is detected that is recorded as the blood pressure. This is repeated for each cuff. |
| How to prepare for the test | Adults: Remove clothing from the extremity. Infants and children: The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age: infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year) toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years) preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years) schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years) adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years) |
| How the test will feel | There is no discomfort. |
| Why the test is performed | This test is done as an alternative to arteriography and venography. It may help diagnose a blood clot , venous insufficiency , arterial occlusion (closing), abnormalities in the carotid artery blood flow caused by a narrowing, and to evaluate trauma to the arteries. The test may also be used to monitor arterial reconstruction and bypass grafts. |
| Normal Values | The veins show no evidence of narrowing or closure. The arteries have normal systolic and diastolic components on the ultrasound . There is normal blood pressure , no sign of a narrowing or closure, and a normal ankle-to-brachial arterial blood pressure index (comparison of the pressure at the ankle to that of the brachial artery in the arm) of 0.85 or greater. |
| What abnormal results mean | In the veins: venous occlusion (closing of vein) blood clots In the arteries: arterial occlusive disease spastic arterial disease (arterial contractions brought on by cold or emotion) embolic arterial occlusion (obstruction in the artery by a solid body such as a blood clot , fat globules, or air bubbles.) Additional conditions under which the test may be performed: aortic dissectionarteriosclerosis of the extremitiescoarctation of the aortadeep venous thrombosisstroke secondary to carotid stenosissuperficial thrombophlebitisSVC obstructionthromboangiitis obliterans vascular tumors of the extremities |
| What the risks are | There are no risks. |
| Special considerations | Cigarette smoking may alter the results of the test because nicotine can cause the arteries in the extremities to constrict. |
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